Al-ayyaam al-beed & the month of Sha'baan
Since 2012-12-18
Encouragement to fast al-ayyaam al-beed and the month of Sha?baan
Encouragement to fast al-ayyaam al-beed and the month of Sha’baan
I have developed the habit of fasting al-ayyaam al-beed each month, praise be to Allaah, but this month I did not fast. When I wanted to fast I was told that it is not permissible and is bid’ah. I fasted on Monday the 1st of the month, then I fasted on Wednesday the 19th of Sha’baan, and if Allaah wills I will fast tomorrow, Thursday, then I will have fasted three days. What is the ruling? And what is the ruling on fasting a great deal during the month of Sha’baan?.
Praise be to Allaah.
FirstAllaah has forbidden us to speak about Him without knowledge, and He mentions that alongside shirk and major sins. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“Say (O Muhammad): (But) the things that my Lord has indeed forbidden are Al-Fawaahish (great evil sins and every kind of unlawful sexual intercourse) whether committed openly or secretly, sins (of all kinds), unrighteous oppression, joining partners (in worship) with Allaah for which He has given no authority, and saying things about Allaah of which you have no knowledge” [al-A’raaf 7:33]
{قُلْ إِنَّمَا حَرَّمَ رَبِّيَ الْفَوَاحِشَ مَا ظَهَرَ مِنْهَا وَمَا بَطَنَ وَالْإِثْمَ وَالْبَغْيَ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ وَأَن تُشْرِكُوا بِاللَّـهِ مَا لَمْ يُنَزِّلْ بِهِ سُلْطَانًا وَأَن تَقُولُوا عَلَى اللَّـهِ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ} الأعراف: 33
Transliteration: Qul innama harrama rabbiya alfawahisha ma thahara minha wama batana waalithma waalbaghya bighayri alhaqqi waan tushrikoo biAllahi ma lam yunazzil bihi sultanan waan taqooloo AAala Allahi ma la taAAlamoona
An example of speaking about Allaah with no knowledge is what is mentioned in the question, that some people say it is a bid’ah (an innovation) to fast three days in Sha’baan in the manner described in the question.
Secondly: it is mustahabb to fast three days each month, and it is best to fast the ayaam al-beed, which are the 13th, 14th and 15th of the month.
It was narrated that Abu Hurayrah (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: My close friend [the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him)] advised me to do three things which I will not give up until I die: fasting three days of each month, praying Duha and going to sleep after Witr. [Narrated by al-Bukhaari (1124); Muslim (721)]
»أوصاني خليلي بثلاث، لا أدعهن حتى أموت: صوم ثلاثة أيام من كل شهر، وصلاة الضحى، ونوم على وتر« رواه البخاري ومسلم
It was narrated that ‘Abd-Allaah ibn ‘Amr ibn al-‘Aas (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said to me: “It is sufficient for you to fast three days every month, because for every good deed you will have (the reward of) ten like it, so that will be like fasting for a lifetime.” [Narrated by al-Bukhaari (6134); Muslim (1159)]
»...وإن من حسبك أن تصوم من كل شهر ثلاثة أيام ، فإن بكل حسنة عشر أمثالها ، فذلك الدهر كله...« رواه البخاري ومسلم
It was narrated that Abu Dharr said: The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said to me: “If you fast any part of the month, then fast the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth.” [Narrated by al-Tirmidhi (761); al-Nasaa’i (2424)]
»إذا صمت من الشهر ثلاثة أيام ، فصم ثلاث عشر ، وأربع عشر ، وخمس عشر« رواه الترمذي والنسائي
This hadeeth was classed as hasan by al-Tirmidhi, and al-Albaani agreed with him in Irwa’ al-Ghaleel, 947.
Shaykh Muhammad ibn Saalih al-‘Uthaymeen (may Allaah have mercy on him) was asked:
It was narrated in the hadeeth that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) advised Abu Hurayrah (may Allaah be pleased with him) to fast three days of each month. When should these fasts be observed, and should they be one after the other?
He replied:
It is permissible to fast these days one after the other or separately, and they may be at the beginning of the month, or in the middle, or at the end. The matter is broad in scope, praise be to Allaah, because the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) did not state any specific days. ‘Aa’ishah (may Allaah be pleased with her) was asked: Did the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) fast three days of each month? She said: Yes. It was asked: In which part of the month did he fast? She said: He would not bother in which part of the month he would fast. [Narrated by Muslim, (1160)]
»أكان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يصوم من كل شهر ثلاثة أيام؟ قالت: نعم. فقلت لها: من أي أيام الشهر كان يصوم؟ قالت: لم يكن يبالي من أي أيام الشهر يصوم« رواه مسلم
But the 13th, 14th and 15th are better, because these are al-ayyaam al-beed.
(Majmoo’ Fataawa al-Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen, 10/ question no. 376)
Thirdly: Perhaps the one who told you not to fast on those days in this month (Sha’baan) said that because he knew that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) forbade fasting in the latter part of Sha’baan.
In the answer to question no. 49884 we have explained that this prohibition applies to one who is starting to fast in the latter part of Sha’baan and does not have a prior habit of fasting.
But if a person starts to fast in the first half of Sha’baan and continues to fast in the latter half, or he has a prior habit of fasting, then there is nothing wrong with him fasting in the latter half of Sha’baan, such as one who has the habit of fasting three days each month, or fasting on Mondays and Thursdays.
Based on this, there is nothing wrong with you fasting three days in Sha’baan, even if some of those happen to be in the latter half of the month.
Fourthly: There is nothing wrong with fasting a great deal in Sha’baan, indeed that is Sunnah. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) used to fast a great deal during this month.
It was narrated that ‘Aa’ishah (may Allaah be pleased with her) said: The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) used to fast until we thought he would not break his fast, and he used not to fast until we thought he would not fast. I never saw the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) fast a complete month except Ramadaan and I never saw him fast more than in Sha’baan. [Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 1868; Muslim, 1156]
»عن عائشة رضي الله عنها قالت: كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يصوم حتى نقول لا يفطر ، ويفطر حتى نقول لا يصوم ، فما رأيت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم استكمل صيام شهر إلا رمضان، وما رأيته أكثر صياما منه في شعبان« رواه البخاري ومسلم
It was narrated from Abu Salamah that ‘Aa’ishah (may Allaah be pleased with her) said: The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) did not fast in any month more than Sha’baan, and he used to fast all of Sha’baan and he used to say: “Do as much of good deeds as you can, for Allaah does not get tired (of giving reward) until you get tired.” And the most beloved of prayers to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) was that in which one persists even if it is little. When he offered a prayer he would persist in doing so. [Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 1869; Muslim, 782]
»أن عائشة رضي الله عنها حدثته قالت: لم يكن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم يصوم شهرا أكثر من شعبان ، فإنه كان يصوم شعبان كله، وكان يقول: خذوا من العمل ما تطيقون، فإن الله لا يمل حتى تملوا. وأحب الصلاة إلى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ما داوم عليه وإن قلت، وكان إذا صلى صلاة داوم عليها« رواه البخاري ومسلم
See also question 49884, as referred to above.
And Allaah knows best.
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